+91-9561854529 editorinchief.ijama@gmail.com submitpaper@ijama.in Contact Form

Evaluating solar still grey water purification efficiency using a Fresnel lens embedded system

Author(s):Neev Gupta, Ayush Sankaran, Hitendra Vaishnav

Affiliation: Jamnabai Narsee International School

Page No: 1-9

Volume issue & Publishing Year: Volume 2 Issue 12, Dec-2025

published on: 2025/12/30

Journal: International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Application.(IJAMA)

ISSN NO: 3048-9350

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17941242

Download PDF

Article Indexing:

Abstract:
The world faces serious challenges regarding the accumulation of untreated greywater and the growing shortage of clean drinking water. Untreated greywater poses serious risks to the public while also causing damage to the environment. Traditional solar stills face limitations of low yields when treating water. This research focuses on the design and evaluation of an acrylic solar still, incorporating a third-order Fresnel lens to concentrate solar energy and enhance the evaporation rate. IoT-based monitoring systems using a DHT11 sensor and Arduino Nano enabled real-time assessment of temp and relative humidity, monitoring the system’s performance. Domestic kitchen and handwashing greywater was processed, achieving a calculated concentration ratio of roughly 700x and focal irradiance of approximately 350,000 W/m². 1.5 L/h was achieved during testing, resulting in a calculated yield of 31.25 L/m²/day, more than five times the output of passive stills. The water produced was distilled to the point of being visually and odorlessly free of impurities. The developed system is easily scalable and affordable, providing an effective solution to greywater treatment for off-grid and low-resource communities.

Keywords: Solarstill, Fresnel lens, grey water filtration, sensor integration.

Reference:

  • 1. World Health Organization. (2023). Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2022: Special focus on gender.
  • 2. World Bank. (2022). Water Scarcity.
  • 3. Elsaid, K., Kamil, M., Sayed, E. T., Abdelkareem, M. A., & Wilberforce, T. (2020). A comprehensive review on the role of microalgae in the treatment of wastewater. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 42(14), 1732-1751.
  • 4. Gross, A., Azulai, N., Oron, G., Ronen, Z., Arnold, M., & Nejidat, A. (2015). Environmental impact and health risks associated with grey water irrigation: A case study. Water Science and Technology, 52(8), 161-169.
  • 5. Eriksson, E., Auffarth, K., Henze, M., & Ledin, A. (2002). Characteristics of grey wastewater. Urban Water, 4(1), 85-104.
  • 6. Smith, T., Jones, D., & Lee, Y. (2021). Membrane bioreactor technologies for greywater treatment: A review. Water Research, 188, 116484.
  • 7. Li, F., Wichmann, K., & Otterpohl, R. (2009). Review of the technological approaches for greywater treatment and reuses. Science of the Total Environment, 407(11), 3439–3449.
  • 8. Tiwari, G. N., & Sahota, L. (2016). Review on passive and active solar distillation. Desalination, 386, 197-209.
  • 9. Hassabou, A. H., Mansour, M. S., & Nada, S. A. (2013). Performance of solar still using Fresnel lens. Desalination, 325, 7–14.
  • 10. Ali, E. A., & Fath, H. E. S. (2014). Enhancement of solar still productivity using Fresnel lens. Solar Energy, 107, 494-504.
  • 11. Kumar, S., & Tiwari, G. N. (2009). Performance evaluation of an active solar distillation system. Solar Energy, 83, 1228–1236.
  • 12. Khalifa, A. J. N., Hamood, A. M., & Al-Daini, A. J. (2010). Effect of cover tilt angle of solar still on its productivity in different seasons. Desalination, 263, 129–133.
  • 13. Khalaf, Mohammed Oudah, Mehmed Rafet Özdemir, and Hussein S. Sultan. “A Comprehensive Review of Solar Still Technologies and Cost: Innovations in Materials, Design, and Techniques for Enhanced Water Desalination Efficiency.” Water, vol. 17, no. 10, 2025, article 1515.
  • 14. Elminshawy, Nabil A. S., et al. “An Innovative Floating Solar Still Equipped with a Fresnel Lens and a Submerging Condenser: An Experimental Study.” Solar Energy, 2025.
  • 15. Almajali, Tawfiq A. H., et al. “Exploring the Future of Solar Stills: Recent Breakthroughs in Performance Enhancement.” Separation and Purification Reviews, vol. 54, no. 2, 2025, pp. 105–127.
  • 16. Günay, Tunahan, Cagri Gümuş, and Ahmet Z. Şahin. “The Impact of Using Nanofluid on the Performance of Solar Stills: A Comprehensive Review.” Process Safety and Environmental Protection, vol. 189, 2024.
  • 17. Rashid, Farhan Lafta, Mudhar A. Al‑Obaidi, Ali Jafer Mahdi, and Arman Ameen. “Advancements in Fresnel Lens Technology across Diverse Solar Energy Applications: A Comprehensive Review.” Energies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2024, article 569.
  • 18. Wiener, Jakub, Muhammad Zaman Khan, and Kaushal Shah. “Performance Enhancement of the Solar Still Using Textiles and Polyurethane Rollers.” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, 2024, article 5202.
  • 19. Odeh, Ahmad M., et al. “Integration of IoT Technologies for Enhanced Monitoring and Control in Hybrid‑Powered Desalination Systems: A Sustainable Approach to Freshwater Production.” IoT, vol. 5, no. 2, 2024, article 16.
  • 20. Yusof, Mohd Fazly, et al. “Investigation on the Urban Grey Water Treatment Using a Cost‑Effective Solar Distillation Still.” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 15, 2022, article 9452
  • 21. Hussein, Ahmed K., et al. “A Review of the Application of Hybrid Nanofluids in Solar Still Energy Systems and Guidelines for Future Prospects.” Solar Energy, vol. 272, 2024.
  • 22. Akeel, A., et al. “An Experimental Study to Improve the Productivity of a Solar Still Using a Parabolic Trough Collector with Fresnel Lenses.” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3092, 2024, 050018.