An Extensive Analysis of Potassium Dinitramide (KDN): Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Author(s):Himanshu Kshirsagar
Affiliation: Aeronautical Department Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur University, India
Page No: 37-48
Volume issue & Publishing Year: Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2025
published on: 2025/05/30
Journal: International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Application.(IJAMA)
ISSN NO: 3048-9350
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17523696
Abstract:
This work focuses on the synthesis, properties, and applications of potassium dinitramide (KDN), a critical intermediate in the development of eco-friendly green propellants like ammonium dinitramide (ADN). KDN is a much safer and environmentally friendlier option than traditional propellants such as ammonium perchlorate and hydrazine which have grave safety and environmental concerns. This study notes KDNs unique thermal expansion anisotropy, greater combustion performance with boron, and higher heat of
combustion with carbon black, which strongly suggest the materials advanced propulsion systems potential. Several synthesis methods are presented that address the economics of acid concentration, reaction temperature, and neutralization time for maximum yield. It is concluded that KDN considerably enhances propellant stability, combustion efficiency, and environmental performance, thus supporting the green technology advancements in the aerospace and defense industries.
Keywords: Potassium dinitramide (KDN), Synthesis, Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), Ammonium perchlorate, neutralization, defense technology, energetic materials, nitramine oxidizer, green propellent, thermal stability, oxidizer
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